An Introduction to Ancient (Classical) History

The Political Establishment in Germany Succeeded in...

The political establishment in Germany succeeded in maintaining the political status quo through a policy of moderate reform. How far do you agree with this statement? The political establishment during the Second Reich in Germany were successful in maintaining the political status quo between the years 1871 and 1918. It can be argued however, that they were successful in doing so through more than just a policy of moderate reform. During these years, Germany abided by a rigid constitution which allowed power to ultimately be firmly held in the hands of the Kaiser. A great sense of nationalism and patriotism also existed in Germany and the vast majority of the German population heavily valued the Kaiser. Furthermore, the constitution†¦show more content†¦In 1902, during Von Bulow’s chancellorship, the Tariff Law was introduced which put higher duties on imported grain and thus raised food prices. Despite the Kaiser heavily approving of the Tariff Law, it served to turn worker support away from the Kaiser’s system and to the SPD. This can be seen in the sharp rise of votes in the 1903 general election. This may suggest that mo derate reform was never the mechanism to keep power in the hands of the old elites or maintain the status quo. However, the threat of Socialism was undoubtedly overestimated by the political establishment who were under the misconception that the Socialist movement was wholly revolutionary. It may therefore be argued that since the threat of the socialists was smaller than perceived, it was in fact the existing structures of the Kaiserreich that maintained the political status quo. It could be argued that under Bulow’s chancellorship, the fact that he carried such an interest and passion in foreign policy, allowed stability to remain as policies such as Weltpolitik and Sammlungspolitik helped to reduce conflicting interests on the domestic front. However, Bulow was confronted with the difficulty of financing Weltpolitik as the government had been in deficit since 1900. Bulow’s proposition to raise indirect taxes and introduce an inheritance tax created immediate opposition. Bulow proceeded to formShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. 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Burning a Nation’s Flag Hate Crime Free Essays

Burning a nation’s flag: Hate Crime or Free Speech? A nation’s flag is one of the most important things to a country. Citizens of a nation use it during special ceremonies, and a nation’s flag is displayed all over that nation. A flag is an emblem shown as a symbol of unity. We will write a custom essay sample on Burning a Nation’s Flag: Hate Crime or any similar topic only for you Order Now It symbolizes the pride and history of a nation. So what does burning a nation’s flag mean? Is it considered a hate crime and illegal, or is it considered an act of free speech and protected by the First Amendment? For the purposes of this argument, a hate crime is defined as a crime motivated by racial, sexual, or other prejudice, typically one involving violence (What Are Hate Crimes? ). I believe that burning a nation’s flag is not a hate crime due to the fact that burning a nation’s flag falls under a category that is protected by the First Amendment. In a hate crime, the targeted group could be categorized by not just race or sexuality, but religion and political beliefs or group as well. By burning a nation’s flag, we could easily categorize it as targeting a political group. When a person burns a nation’s flag, he/she could be targeting the general people of that nation, the government of that nation, or to be even more specific, the leaders of that government. . In this case, we will say that the political group referred to is the government(to be more specific, the American government). Therefore, by burning a nation’s flag, someone disagrees and takes a stand against a political activity or decision. In contrast to what a hate crime is, an act of free speech, protected by the First Amendment, is the right to express any opinions without censorship or restraint. An act of free speech does not necessarily mean saying something out loud. It could also mean expressing your opinions about something by using actions. Since burning a nation’s flag suggests taking a stand against a political activity, it is a way of expressing your opinion. Similar to free speech, freedom of expression which is part of the Human Rights Act says that you have the right to hold your own opinions and to express them freely without government interference (Equality and Human Rights Commission). The government cannot arrest you or punish you for burning a nation’s flag as long as no one gets physically hurt. Just like in almost every country around the world, America has its own Flag Code. The Flag Code is a guide for all handling and display of the Stars and Stripes, but it does not impose penalties for misuse of the United States flag (US code 36). Each state has its own flag law, and penalty for misuse of the flag is up to the state. Criminal penalties for certain acts of vandalism of a flag were stated in Title 18 of the United States Code prior to 1989. The Supreme Court decision in Texas v. Johnson held the statute unconstitutional, though. In Texas v. Johnson, respondent Gregory Lee â€Å"Joey† Johnson was convicted of an act of disrespect of a venerated object, which violates a Texas statute. During the 1984 Republican National Convention, Johnson protested the policies of the Reagan administration and Dallas-based corporation. During the protest, Johnson burned the American flag. No one was physically hurt or injured, but some witnesses felt severely offended by this. However, due to the First Amendment, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals decided that the State could not punish Johnson for burning the flag in these circumstances. In addition, the Texas statute states that it is only illegal to burn a nation’s flag when the act would result in a serious disturbance of peace. However, the flag burning in this case did not threaten such a reaction (Texas v. Johnson. ). It is true that showing your anger towards the government can be expressed in other ways besides burning the nation’s flag. One could protest, write a book, or write a blog to take a stand against a political action. However, no matter which of these actions you decide to do, you are still doing it to achieve the same goal: express your opinion and make a change in the government. Citation Page â€Å"Texas v. Johnson. †Ã‚  Cornell University Law School. 21 Mar. 1989. Online. 12 Feb. 2013. ;http://www. law. cornell. edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0491_0397_ZS. html;. â€Å"What Are Hate Crimes? †Ã‚  SikhNet. Online. 12 Feb. 2013. ;http://fateh. sikhnet. com/s/HateCrimeInfo;. â€Å"Article 485†Ã‚  New York Laws. Online. 12 Feb. 2013. How to cite Burning a Nation’s Flag: Hate Crime, Essay examples